#Subler chapter equivalent for pcs registration#
There are two basic operations in location management (LM) Location Registration (Location Update) (LR) and Call Delivery (CD). Consequently, when an MT moves, it should inform the system with its new location (Gibson, 1996 Wong & Leung, 2000, Zhang, 2002). To efficiently establish any service in the PCS network, the location of the MT should be clearly identified. One of the key issues in the design of PCS networks is the efficient management of real-time locations for MTs. It provides wireless communication services that enable Mobile Terminals (MTs) to communicate and exchange any form of information on the move “anytime-anywhere services”. This aim is continuously promoted by the tremendous growth in wireless communications (Brown & Mohan, 1997 Fang, Chlamtac, & Lin, 2000 Fang, Chlamtac, & Fei, 2000).Ī PCS network is the integration of cellular (Wireless) and conventional (wired) networks. Hence, they should be independent of service time, user's location and the underlying network access arrangement. Such services are the ones that guarantee a reliable exchange of information in any form (voice, data, video, image, etc.) with no worry about the real-time distribution of MTs. Providing a transparent cellular communication services all over the world is the most human aim over the past few years. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme introduces a distinct improvement in network response and tracing process.
The proposed LM strategy uses caching to reduce unwanted updates and 2LP to reduce paging cost. In this paper, a novel LM strategy is introduced by restructuring LAs into smaller areas called Base Areas (BAs), which impacts the paging cost. As a result, existing LM scheme suffers from (1) excessive location registrations by MTs located around LA boundaries (ping-pong effect) and (2) requiring the network to poll all LA cells to locate the callee MT. Moreover, such registration takes place at the MTs’ master HLR (even though currently managed by another HLR), which increases communication costs. A MT must register itself when passing through its LA boundary to a neighboring one. In the existing location management (LM) scheme, Location Area (LA) is the smallest unit for registration. Those problems can be overcome by perfectly managing the Mobile Terminals (MTs) locations. Accordingly, lost calls as well as the network slow response have become the major problems that hardly degrade the network reliability. We consider new equivalent circuits of piezoelectric devices with these three losses in this chapter.AbstractThe main objective of PCS networks is to provide “anytime-anywhere” cellular services. Without introducing the piezoelectric loss, it is difficult to explain the difference of the mechanical quality factors at the resonance and antiresonance modes. The equivalent (electric) circuit (EC) is a widely used tool which greatly simplifies the process of design and analysis of the piezoelectric devices, in which the circuit can only graphically characterize the mechanical loss by applying a resistor (and dielectric loss sometimes).ĭifferent from a pure mechanical system, a piezoelectric vibration exhibits an “antiresonance” mode in addition to a “resonance” mode, due to the existence of the damped capacitance (i.e., only the partial of the input electric energy is transduced into the mechanical energy).
When we consider a transient response, such as a pulse drive of a mechanical system with finite specimen size, the equivalent circuit analysis generates a significant discrepancy. However, two important notes must be taken into account: (1) mechanical loss is handled as “viscous damping” and (2) equivalent circuit approach is almost successful, as long as we consider a steady sinusoidal (harmonic) vibration. Therefore, an electrician tries to understand a mechanical system behavior from a more familiar LCR electrical circuit analysis. Mechanical and electrical systems are occasionally equivalent from the mathematical formula’s viewpoint.
“Equivalent Circuits with Piezo Losses” expands the equivalent circuit approach in order to facilitate the experimental analysis easier.
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